Moisture-induced ionovoltaic electricity generation using lead free 2-dimensional Cs3SbBiBr9 perovskite†
Abstract
In the field of solar energy applications, ion migration is a significant challenge. A promising solution to tackle this issue is through the Ionovoltaic Electricity Generator (IEG) effect observed in two-dimensional (2D) lead-free halide perovskite structures equipped with lateral electrodes. These devices with millimeter-spaced lateral electrodes generate electricity through moisture absorption. As moisture is absorbed, it creates an uneven distribution of ions, establishing a gradient that prompts ion migration. This migration generates a voltage difference across the electrodes, which in turn propels electrons through an external circuit, producing electrical power. Furthermore, humidity plays a crucial role in enhancing power generation by aiding in ion formation. In this study, we successfully synthesized mixed alloys of antimony and bismuth in the form of nanosheets of Cs3SbBiBr9 using a solution-based approach. The Cs3SbBiBr9 device, covering an area of 0.3 cm2 (1.5 cm × 0.2 cm), demonstrated an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.22 V and a short-circuit current (Isc) of 35 μA at 85% relative humidity (RH).