Immobilization of cationic dye on photoluminescent hydroxyapatite particles through a citric acid bonding layer

Abstract

We demonstrated the surface functionalization using citric acid (Cit) as a bonding layer on hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles. The bonding layer on the Eu(III) ion-doped HAp nanoparticles could be immobilized with the larger amount of cationic porphyrin. The interactions between the immobilized molecules were enhanced at the monomer state with increasing the amount.