A stable pyridone-based hydrogen-bonded organic framework for electrochemical detection of dopamine

Abstract

A robust hydrogen-bonded organic framework was successfully constructed using a 2-pyridone monomer with a triangle geometry by dual hydrogen bond interactions. Its crystal structure was accurately characterized through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and its permanent porosity was confirmed by CO₂ gas adsorption experiment at 195 K. In the crystal structure, it presents a 4-fold interpenetrated regular hexagonal honeycomb network with an hcb topology, creating 1D reachable channels along the c-axis direction. The intact powder X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the activated HOF materials exhibited extraordinary stability after immersion in solutions of varying pHs (ranging from 2 to 13) for three days and exposure to a temperature of 280 °C for ten minutes, which means that the 2-pyridone units with complementary hydrogen bond mode present great promise for the construction of stable HOFs. Furthermore, this HOF was modified on a glassy carbon electrode, fabricating an electrochemical sensor for detecting dopamine. The current displayed a linear relationship with dopamine concentration within the range of 4–400 μM, making it a precise indicator. This sensor exhibited high sensitivity, stability, and precise identification of dopamine molecules in various environments. This study suggests that the HOF-based electrochemical sensor holds great potential for applications in the field of biosensors and analytical chemistry.