Additive-free oxychlorination of unsaturated C–C bonds with tert-butyl hypochlorite and water

Abstract

Herein we report an additive-free protocol for the facile synthesis of α,α-dichloroketones and α-chlorohydrins from various aryl terminal, diaryl internal, and aliphatic terminal alkynes and alkenes, respectively. The commercially available tert-butyl hypochlorite (tBuOCl) was employed as a suitable chlorinating reagent, being accompanied by the less harmful tBuOH as the by-product. In addition, the oxygen atoms in the products came from water rather than molecular oxygen, based on the ¹⁸O-labelling experiments. Meanwhile, the diastereoselectivity of the Z- and the corresponding E-alkenes has been compared and rationalized. Using a group of control experiments, the possible mechanisms have been proposed as the initial electrophilic chlorination of unsaturated C–C bonds in a Markovnikov-addition manner in general followed by a nucleophilic addition with water. This work simplified the oxychlorination method with a mild chlorine source and a green oxygen source under ambient conditions.