Nanomagnetic CoFe2O4@SiO2-EA-H3PO4 as a zwitterionic catalyst for the synthesis of bioactive pyrazolopyranopyrimidines and dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles

Abstract

This study presents the development of a phosphoric acid-based zwitterionic catalyst immobilized on CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles [CoFe₂O₄@SiO₂-EA-H₃PO₄]. The structure of the nanocatalyst CoFe₂O₄@SiO₂-EA-H₃PO₄ was identified by applying several spectroscopic techniques, i.e. FT-IR, SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, elemental Mapping, VSM, TGA, and BET techniques. The catalytic efficiency of CoFe₂O₄@SiO₂-EA-H₃PO₄ was evaluated in the water-based multicomponent synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidine and dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. Subsequently, an exploration of the antibacterial properties of the compounds was conducted. The catalytic system offers several advantages, encompassing high efficiency, brief reaction duration, uncomplicated operation, and facile recycling of the catalyst.