Exploring crosslinker effects on fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers for improved gefitinib delivery in lung cancer theranostics

Abstract

Lung cancer, encompassing diverse subtypes, remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a key target, particularly in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) but challenges such as low solubility and resistance hinder effective treatment with gefitinib (GEF), an EGFR inhibitor. To address this, a novel theranostic system combining molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with a fluorescent monomer was developed to provide controlled and sustained GEF release. A fluorescein-modified monomer endowed the material with diagnostic capabilities and two different compounds (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) were tested as crosslinking agents. Particle characterization studies encompassed size, shape, protein adsorption, swelling behavior, and fluorescence. In vitro studies evaluated release kinetics, binding specificity, cytotoxicity, and hemolysis. The results demonstrated the selective binding and controlled release of GEF by imprinted particles, along with biocompatibility, showcasing their potential as a cancer medicine. This innovative approach holds promise for enhancing the efficacy and safety of EGFR-targeted therapy in NSCLC, mitigating the adverse effects associated with high doses and overcoming acquired resistance. Theranostic agents, by integrating diagnosis and therapy, can offer a multifaceted strategy in cancer management, underscoring the significance of this research in advancing precision medicine for lung cancer patients. Considering the heterogeneity of NSCLC, future studies could investigate the applicability of this approach across different molecular subtypes and patient populations to ensure broad clinical relevance and personalized treatment strategies.