A microneedle transdermal patch loaded with iron(ii) nanoparticles for non-invasive sustained delivery to combat anemia

Abstract

Anemia is a pressing global health issue, particularly impacting children and women of reproductive age. To combat iron deficiency anemia effectively, we propose a novel approach: a transdermal patch that delivers iron supplements via microneedles on a weekly basis. This patient-friendly patch aims to address the shortcomings of current treatments, such as low patient adherence, side effects, and poor oral iron bioavailability. Our innovation features a biodegradable polymer transdermal patch embedded with microneedles (100 in total) measuring approximately 340 μm in height and 50 μm in sharpness. These microneedles release iron in the form of ferrous sulfate nanoparticles (IS NPs) in a sustained manner over an extended period. Notably, the patch achieves an 80% drug release over 12 days, with an initial controlled burst release ranging from 10% to 30%. Crucially, this IS NP-loaded microneedle patch demonstrates exceptional drug release performance in vitro, tested on both artificial and cadaver porcine skin models. Notably, the burst release is below 10% when using porcine skin, and the drug release during the first 12 hours follows a near-linear pattern (0 order kinetics). These remarkable results provide a strong foundation for forthcoming in vivo studies, showing promise in the fight against iron deficiency anemia. To bolster our proposal, we conducted an “acceptance survey” among healthcare professionals and the intended beneficiaries to gauge the patch's suitability for the target demographic.