Issue 6, 2024

Scaling up the charge transfer on Pd@Ti3C2Tx–TiO2 catalysts: a sustainable approach for H2 generation via water splitting

Abstract

The increasing energy demands have led modern societies to search for green and renewable alternatives that can replace traditional energy sources (i.e. fossil fuels). The aim of this project is to generate sustainable hydrogen from renewable sources. For this purpose, we synthesized highly active MXene-supported catalysts (Pd@Ti3C2Tx–TiO2). In this work, Pd2+ ions were directly reduced on Ti3C2Tx surfaces without using an additional reducing agent. Morphology and optical characteristics were evaluated using XRD, UV-vis/DRS, SEM, TEM, Raman, and FT-IR techniques. Chemical compositions and surface terminations of the catalysts were examined via EDX and XPS techniques. It was found that low Fermi levels of Pd@Ti3C2Tx effectively quench photogenerated electrons and facilitate H2 evolution without using any sacrificial reagents. This innovative approach enhanced the stability and ability of TiO2 to effectively transfer the photoinduced charges on the Pd@Ti3C2Tx cocatalysts. The role of Pd was elucidated and demonstrated for hydrogen generation progress. The results suggest that the presence of Pd metal over Ti3C2Tx surfaces boosted H2 generation. Overall, Pd@Ti3C2Tx–TiO2 catalysts delivered 35.11 mmol g−1 h−1 of hydrogen. Thus, it was concluded that the as-synthesized catalysts hold promise to replace costly and conventional hydrogen generation technologies.

Graphical abstract: Scaling up the charge transfer on Pd@Ti3C2Tx–TiO2 catalysts: a sustainable approach for H2 generation via water splitting

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
15 Sep 2023
Accepted
20 Dec 2023
First published
21 Dec 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Mater. Adv., 2024,5, 2238-2252

Scaling up the charge transfer on Pd@Ti3C2Tx–TiO2 catalysts: a sustainable approach for H2 generation via water splitting

M. Z. Abid, K. Rafiq, A. Rauf, R. H. Althomali and E. Hussain, Mater. Adv., 2024, 5, 2238 DOI: 10.1039/D3MA00710C

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