Issue 6, 2024

Fabricating CdS/Ag/BiVO4 Z-heterojunction for solvent-free photocatalytic oxidation of amines

Abstract

Imines are vital intermediate chemicals applied in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. It is desirable but challenging to explore a green photocatalytic system, especially solvent-free photocatalysis, for the synthesis of imines from amines with molecular oxygen as an oxidant under mild reaction conditions. In the present study, a ternary CdS/Ag/BiVO4 Z-heterojunction photocatalyst was designed and prepared for the photocatalytic oxidative coupling of benzylamine to N-benzylidenebenzylamine. Under solvent-free conditions, a yield of 92% of N-benzylidenebenzylamine with a selectivity of 99% was achieved over CdS/Ag/BiVO4 in neat benzylamine with dioxygen as an oxidant at room temperature and ambient pressure. In the Z-scheme electronic transmission system, CdS worked as a reductive photocatalyst, while BiVO4 acted as an oxidative photocatalyst. The oxygen vacancies in the catalyst and Ag nanoparticles in the catalyst with their plasmonic effect boosted light absorption, enhancing charge migration and photogenerated electron–hole separation on the contact interface. A photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on controlled experiments. The catalyst exhibited good stability for five cycles, and the catalyst can be applied for the oxidative coupling of various amines to imines. This work provides a strategy for the rational design of photocatalytic oxidative coupling of amines to imines.

Graphical abstract: Fabricating CdS/Ag/BiVO4 Z-heterojunction for solvent-free photocatalytic oxidation of amines

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
27 Nov 2023
Accepted
27 Jan 2024
First published
30 Jan 2024

Green Chem., 2024,26, 3338-3345

Fabricating CdS/Ag/BiVO4 Z-heterojunction for solvent-free photocatalytic oxidation of amines

T. Zhang, W. Wang, X. Jiang, H. Wang, Z. He, Y. Yang, K. Wang, Z. Liu and B. Han, Green Chem., 2024, 26, 3338 DOI: 10.1039/D3GC04644C

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