Issue 9, 2024

Zinc iso-plating/stripping: toward a practical Zn powder anode with ultra-long life over 5600 h

Abstract

Zn powder with large-scale production and good tunability is promising for aqueous Zn-ion batteries, but its extremely short lifespan seriously hinders the practical application. Herein, we disclose that Zn powder anode failure is majorly caused by top-down plating and bottom-up stripping behaviors. Therefore, an iso-plating/stripping strategy has to be developed accordingly to achieve an ultra-long lifetime Zn powder anode for practical applications. Zincophilic Bi-metal nanosheets are anchored on the Zn powder surface, which could serve as preferred Zn nucleation sites and charge-aggregated protrusions, leading to homogeneous plating/stripping and gradient-free Zn2+ distribution throughout the powder electrode. Furthermore, Bi has additional advantages including the ability to guide Zn(002)-orientated growth and suppress side reactions for achieving further structural stability, permitting unprecedented stable cycling of over 5600 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 585 h even at 15 mA cm−2. The corresponding Bi@Zn powder//MnO2 full batteries feature an extraordinary capacity retention of 82.12% after 1150 cycles at 2 A g−1 and a low negative/positive electrode capacity ratio of 6.65. When applied in pouch-type batteries, Bi@Zn powder delivers an impressive energy density of 138.6 W h kg−1 at a superfast power density of 700 W kg−1. This study clarifies the failure mechanism of the Zn powder anode and develops a concise yet effective strategy that paves the way for fabricating practical Zn anodes with a long life and dendrite-free structure.

Graphical abstract: Zinc iso-plating/stripping: toward a practical Zn powder anode with ultra-long life over 5600 h

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
13 Dec 2023
Accepted
02 Apr 2024
First published
03 Apr 2024

Energy Environ. Sci., 2024,17, 3146-3156

Zinc iso-plating/stripping: toward a practical Zn powder anode with ultra-long life over 5600 h

H. Chen, W. Zhang, S. Yi, Z. Su, Z. Zhao, Y. Zhang, B. Niu and D. Long, Energy Environ. Sci., 2024, 17, 3146 DOI: 10.1039/D3EE04333A

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