Issue 11, 2024

Electrical-energy storage into chemical-energy carriers by combining or integrating electrochemistry and biology

Abstract

Our societies must reconsider current industrial practices and find carbon-neutral alternatives to avoid the detrimental environmental effects that come with the release of greenhouse gases from fossil-energy carriers. Using renewable sources, such as solar and wind, allows us to circumvent the burning of fossil energy carriers to produce electrical energy. However, this leads to a spatial-temporal discrepancy between production and demand, necessitating the ability to store vast amounts of electrical energy. Physical storage of electrical energy, such as hydropower and underground pressure storage, as well as the conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy, such as with batteries, can offer vast storage capacities. Another route of storing electrical energy at a massive scale is its conversion into chemical-energy carriers by combining or integrating electrochemistry with biology. Here, we will give an overview of the potential of these biological-storage technologies. Based on the order in which they combine or integrate biological and electrochemical steps, we will discuss the current state of research on these technologies in three distinct sections: (1) electrochemistry followed by biology; (2) biology followed by electrochemistry; and (3) integrated electrochemistry and biology. We will discuss research needs and opportunities in an outlook section at the end.

Graphical abstract: Electrical-energy storage into chemical-energy carriers by combining or integrating electrochemistry and biology

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
05 Apr 2023
Accepted
26 Mar 2024
First published
27 Mar 2024
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

Energy Environ. Sci., 2024,17, 3682-3699

Electrical-energy storage into chemical-energy carriers by combining or integrating electrochemistry and biology

L. T. Angenent, I. Casini, U. Schröder, F. Harnisch and B. Molitor, Energy Environ. Sci., 2024, 17, 3682 DOI: 10.1039/D3EE01091K

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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