Co3O4/activated carbon nanocomposites as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction

Abstract

The Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) is crucial in various processes such as hydrogen production via water splitting. Several electrocatalysts, including metal oxides, have been evaluated to enhance the reaction efficiency. Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (ZIF-67) has been employed as a precursor to produce Co₃O₄, showing high OER activity. Additionally, the formation of composites with carbon-based materials improves the activity of these materials. Thus, this work focuses on synthesizing ZIF-67 and commercial activated carbon (AC) composites, which were used as precursors to obtain Co₃O₄/C electrocatalysts by calculating ZIF-67/CX (X = 10, 30, and 50, the mass percentage of AC). The obtained materials were thoroughly characterized by employing X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), confirming the cobalt oxide structure with a sphere-like morphology as observed in the TEM images. The presence of oxygen vacancies was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and EPR measurements. The electrocatalytic performance in the OER was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), which revealed an overpotential of 325 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and a Tafel slope value of 65.32 mV dec⁻¹ for Co₃O₄/C10, superior in activity to several previously reported studies in the literature and electrochemical stability of up to 8 hours. The reduced value of charge transfer resistance, high double-layer capacitance, and the presence of Co³⁺ ions justify the superior performance of the Co₃O₄/C10 electrocatalyst.