Correlation of the catalytic performance with Ruδ+ species on Ru/Nb2O5 in furfural aqueous reductive conversion†
Abstract
Ru/Nb2O5 is effective for furfural aqueous reductive conversion. Systematic characterization, kinetic studies and in situ DRIFT tests demonstrated that the Ruδ+ species abundance is highly correlated with the adsorption behavior of the substrate, key intermediate and product (furfural, 2-cyclopentenone, and cyclopentanone), which governs the FFR conversion rate and cyclopentanoid product selectivity.