Excited state iminium form can explain the unexpected solvatochromic behavior of symmetric 1,5- and 1,8-diaminonaphthalenes

Abstract

A new model, based on the presence of the excited state iminium ion (Ar = NH₂⁺), is proposed to interpret the solvatochromic behavior of symmetric 1,5- and 1,8-diaminonaphtahelenes (DANs) in aprotic to protic media. The importance of using explicit solvent models during DFT calculations in protic solvents to find the proper excited structure for symmetric molecules is also highlighted.