Application of Biomaterials in Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Abstract

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) lethality and disability rates are still very high, although the current surgical hematoma removal treatment saves patients' lives in critical moments of ICH, but due to the actual time and space of the patient, individual differences vary, postoperative patients' functional improvement is still to be confirmed, and the existing drug treatment has limited benefits for ICH. Recent advances in biomaterials may provide new ideas for drug therapy of ICH. Nanomaterials have the ability to target and synergize therapeutics, thereby increasing efficacy and mitigating side effects. This review first briefly describes the pathogenic mechanisms of ICH, including primary and secondary injuries such as inflammation and intracerebral edema, and briefly describes the existing therapeutic approaches as well as their limitations. Secondly, existing nanomaterials and hydrogels for ICH, including exosomes, liposomes, and polymer nanomaterials, are also described. Some of these nanomaterials can effectively carry drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to exert therapeutic effects through nano-delivery strategies loaded with drugs or other molecules. In addition, the potential challenges and application prospects of these delivery platforms for clinical translation are discussed.