Spintronic filter via p-typed polaron state in photoelectron conversion integrating devices

Abstract

In response to the initiative of the 2021 United Nations Conference of the Parties (COP26) on Climate Change and the Group of Twenty (G20), high-performance water-splitting energy conversion integrated devices are the best solution to addressing climate change, environmental pollution, and energy deficiency. Intrinsic defects of Cu₂O enhance the performance of water-splitting via p-typed polaron surface state-induced high charge mobility and spintronic injection system. With the defect from the unfilled electron orbital, 3d⁹, in Cu, spin–orbital coupling effects are achieved by coherent ħ/−ħ angular momentum circular polarization laser light excited spintronic and spintronic injection systems. With the support of a 473 nm laser and ħ/−ħ angular momentum modulated 808 nm circular polarization laser light irradiation, the population of spintronic systems drastically increases and responds to the current density of the devices. Furthermore, the p-typed polaron surface state corresponding to combined laser light of 473 and 808 nm induced a high spin polarization rate of over 35% at a low bias. Cu defects induce p-typed polaron surface states that are successfully applied in spintronic injection water-splitting energy conversion integrated electronic systems, which will lead the energy conversion devices in green industries and advance quantum electronics. At the optimal operating conditions for water-splitting (1 atm, 25 °C), over 2 L of hydrogen gas were generated from a 1 m² device, and the charge mobility was as high as 1.08 × 10¹⁵ m² V⁻¹ s⁻¹.