A cheap metal catalyzed ring expansion/cross-coupling cascade: a new route to functionalized medium-sized and macrolactones

Abstract

An efficient alkoxyl radical-triggered ring expansion/cross-coupling cascade was developed under cheap metal catalysis. Through the metal-catalyzed radical relay strategy, a wide range of medium-sized lactones (9–11 membered) and macrolactones (12, 13, 15, 18, and 19-membered) were constructed in moderate to good yields, along with diverse functional groups including CN, N₃, SCN, and X groups installed concurrently. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that reductive elimination of the cycloalkyl-Cu(III) species is a more favorable reaction pathway for the cross-coupling step. Based on the results of experiments and DFT, a Cu(I)/Cu(II)/Cu(III) catalytic cycle is proposed for this tandem reaction.