Formation of precipitates in off-stoichiometric Ni–Mn–Sn Heusler alloys probed through the induced Sn-moment

Abstract

The shell-ferromagnetic effect originates from the segregation process in off-stoichiometric Ni–Mn-based Heusler alloys. In this work, we investigate the precipitation process of L2₁-ordered Ni₂MnSn and L1₀-ordered NiMn in off-stoichiometric Ni₅₀Mn₄₅Sn₅ during temper annealing, by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ¹¹⁹Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy. While XRD probes long-range ordering of the lattice structure, Mössbauer spectroscopy probes nearest–neighbour interactions, reflected in the induced Sn magnetic moment. As shown in this work, the induced magnetic Sn moment can be used as a detector for microscopic structural changes and is, therefore, a powerful tool for investigating the formation of nano-precipitates. Similar research can be performed in the future, for example, on different pinning type magnets like Sm-Co or Nd-Fe-B.