Shape dependency of gold nanorods through TMB2+-mediated etching for the visual detection of NT-proBNP

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem triggered by heart circulation disorders. Early detection and diagnosis are conducive to the prevention and treatment of HF. Hence, it is necessary to establish a simple and sensitive method to monitor the diagnostic biomarkers of HF. The N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP) is acknowledged as a sensitive biomarker. In this study, a visual detection method for NT-proBNP was developed based on the oxidized 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB²⁺)-mediated etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs) and double-antibody-sandwich ELISA. The etching color for different amounts of NT-proBNP was obvious and significant differences could be ascertained based on the blue-shift of the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LLSPR) of the AuNRs. The results could be observed by the naked eye. The constructed system showed a concentration range from 6 to 100 ng mL⁻¹ and a low detection limit of 6 ng mL⁻¹. This method exhibited negligible cross-reactivity toward other proteins, and the recoveries of the samples ranged from 79.99% to 88.99%. These results demonstrated that the established method is suitable for the simple and convenient detection of NT-proBNP.