Contemporary progress in the green synthesis of spiro-thiazolidines and their medicinal significance: a review

Abstract

The development of new strategies for the production of nitrogen and sulfur-containing heterocycles remains an extremely alluring but challenging proposition. Among these heterocyclic compounds, spiro-thiazolidines are a distinct class of heterocyclic motifs with an all-encompassing range of pharmaceutical activities such as anti-histaminic, anti-proliferative, anesthetic, hypnotic, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, anthelmintic, CNS stimulant, and anti-viral potentials. Consequently, investigators have produced these heterocycles through diversified intricate pathways as object structures for medicinal studies. Notwithstanding their innumerable manmade solicitations, there is yet no special periodical on MCRs concerning spiro-thiazolidine via green synthesis. Thus, this in-depth review encompasses the excursion of MCRs to spiro-thiazolidines, including the environment-friendly synthetic approaches, reaction situations, rationale behind the optimal selection of catalyst, scope, anticipated mechanism, and biological activities. In this review, we have focussed on the furthermost current developments in spiro-thiazolidine creation under different conditions, such as ionic liquid-assisted, microwave-assisted, on-water, solid-supported acid-catalyzed, asymmetric, and nanocatalyst-assisted syntheses, developed over the last 8 years. This study details works regarding the total amalgamation of spiro-thiazolidines under N- and S-containing heterocycles. Furthermore, this article summarizes the developments of artificially and pharmaceutically important spiro-thiazolidine candidates.