Issue 42, 2023

Freestanding carbon nanofoam papers with tunable porosity as lithium–sulfur battery cathodes

Abstract

To reach energy density demands greater than 3 mA h cm−2 for practical applications, the electrode structure of lithium–sulfur batteries must undergo an architectural redesign. Freestanding carbon nanofoam papers derived from resorcinol–formaldehyde aerogels provide a three-dimensional conductive mesoporous network while facilitating electrolyte transport. Vapor-phase sulfur infiltration fully penetrates >100 μm thick electrodes and conformally coats the carbon aerogel surface providing areal capacities up to 4.1 mA h cm−2 at sulfur loadings of 6.4 mg cm−2. Electrode performance can be optimized for energy density or power density by tuning sulfur loading, pore size, and electrode thickness.

Graphical abstract: Freestanding carbon nanofoam papers with tunable porosity as lithium–sulfur battery cathodes

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
07 Jun 2023
Accepted
07 Aug 2023
First published
11 Aug 2023

Nanoscale, 2023,15, 16924-16932

Author version available

Freestanding carbon nanofoam papers with tunable porosity as lithium–sulfur battery cathodes

Z. G. Neale, M. J. Lefler, J. W. Long, D. R. Rolison, M. B. Sassin and R. Carter, Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 16924 DOI: 10.1039/D3NR02699J

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