Rapid and highly selective detection of chlorogenic acid in fruit samples by Fe3O4@SiO2@PIL with boron affinity via a fluorescence enhanced strategy

Abstract

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a cis-diol-containing compound, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial and anti-oxidation properties. Thus, selective determination of CGA in food products is extremely necessary. In this study, a boron affinity magnetic polymer named Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@PIL was synthesized to detect the concentration of CGA in actual fruit samples. The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@PIL was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results showed that the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@PIL has uniform morphology, good magnetic properties, suitable structure and high stability. The experimental assays showed that the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@PIL can detect the concentration of CGA within 7 min, and has a good linear relationship with CGA in the concentration range of 0.025–2 μM (R² = 0.9989) with a detection limit of 10 nM (S/N = 3). Moreover, the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@PIL exhibited excellent selectivity and can be reused for at least 5 runs, indicating its good stability and reusability. Finally, the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@PIL was used to selectively separate CGA in real fruit samples with the recovery ranging from 93.4% to 103.0% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) between 0.7% and 5.1%. This study gives a new insight into the utilization of magnetic materials by grafting boric acid functionalized ionic liquids for specific and rapid detection of natural cis-diol-containing compounds.