Deltamethrin and fenvalerate in vegetables and rice

Abstract

Deltamethrin (DLM) and fenvalerate (FV) are synthetic pyrethroid type II insecticides. Herein, we developed a facile sustainable analytical approach for the detection of DLM and FV using green-fluorescent carbon dots derived from Moringa oleifera (MO-CDs) via acid carbonization. The as-synthesized MO-CDs exhibited emission at 524 nm upon excitation at 418 nm with a high quantum yield of 42%. The changes in the intensity of MO-CDs realized two independent calibration graphs for the detection of DLM (0.1 to 100 μM) and FV (0.5–120 μM), with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.04 and 0.26 μM for DLM and FV, respectively. This approach was successfully applied to detect DLM and FV in vegetable and rice samples.