Issue 12, 2023

Predicted aquatic exposure effects from a national urban stormwater study

Abstract

A multi-agency study of 438 organic and 62 inorganic chemicals measured in urban stormwater during 50 total runoff events at 21 sites across the United States demonstrated that stormwater discharges can generate localized, aquatic exposures to extensive contaminant mixtures, including organics suspected to cause adverse aquatic-health effects. The aggregated risks to multiple aquatic trophic levels (fish, invertebrates, plants) of the stormwater mixture exposures, which were documented in the national study, were explored herein by calculating cumulative ratios of organic-contaminant in vitro exposure–activity cutoffs (∑EAR) and health-benchmark-weighted cumulative toxicity quotients (∑TQ). Both risk assessment approaches indicated substantial (moderate to high) risk for acute adverse effects to aquatic organisms across multiple trophic levels (fish, macroinvertebrates, non-vascular/vascular plants) at or near stormwater discharge points across the United States. The results are interpreted as potential orders of magnitude underestimates of actual aquatic risk in stormwater control wetlands or in the immediate vicinity of such discharges to surface-water receptors, because the 438 organic-compound analytical space assessed in this study is orders of magnitude less than the 350 000 parent compounds estimated to be in current commercial use globally and the incalculable chemical-space of potential metabolites and degradates.

Graphical abstract: Predicted aquatic exposure effects from a national urban stormwater study

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
09 Dec 2022
Accepted
23 Mar 2023
First published
27 Mar 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 2023,9, 3191-3199

Predicted aquatic exposure effects from a national urban stormwater study

P. M. Bradley, K. M. Romanok, K. L. Smalling, J. R. Masoner, D. W. Kolpin and S. E. Gordon, Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 2023, 9, 3191 DOI: 10.1039/D2EW00933A

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