Spin–vibronic mechanism at work in a luminescent square-planar cyclometalated tridentate Pt(ii) complex: absorption and ultrafast photophysics

Abstract

The absorption spectrum of [Pt(dpybMe)Cl] (dpyb = 2,6-di-(2-pyridyl)benzene), representative of luminescent halide-substituted tridentate cyclometalated square planar Pt(II) neutral complexes, has been revisited by means of non-adiabatic wavepacket quantum dynamics. The early photophysics has been investigated on the basis of four singlet and five triplet excited states, namely nineteen “spin–orbit states”, coupled with both vibronic and spin–orbit couplings, and includes eighteen normal modes. It is shown that in-plane scissoring and rocking normal modes of the cyclometalated tridentate ligand are responsible for the vibronic structure observed at around 400 nm in the experimental spectrum of the complex. The ultrafast decay of [Pt(dpybMe)Cl], within 1 ps, follows a spin–vibronic mechanism governed by excited state electronic characters, spin–orbit, and active tuning mode interplay. Both spin–orbit coupling and Pt(II) coordination sphere stretching modes and in-plane scissoring/rocking of the cyclometalated ligand activate the ultrafast decay within 20 fs of absorption. At longer time-scales (>100 fs) an asynchronous stretching of the Pt–C and Pt–N bonds activates the depopulation of the upper “reservoir” electronic states to populate the two lowest luminescent T1 and T2 electronic states. The in-plane rocking motion of the ligand controls the T1/T2 population exchange which is equilibrated at about 1 ps. Stabilization of the upper non-radiative metal-centered (MC) states by out-of-plane ligand distortion of low frequency is not competitive with the ultrafast spin–vibronic mechanism discovered here for [Pt(dpybMe)Cl]. Modifying the Pt–C covalent bond position and rigidifying the cyclometalated ligand will have a dramatic influence on the spin–vibronic mechanism and consequently on the luminescence properties of this class of molecules.