Biosafety evaluation of dual-responsive neutrobots

Abstract

The toxicity effects of paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded magnetic neutrophil-hybrid swimming microrobots (“neutrobots”) in vivo were assessed after intravenous administration to mice. The mice after 72 hours exhibited minimal immunotoxicity and liver and kidney toxicity at an administration dose of 3 × 10⁶ PTX-loaded neutrobots. The minor toxicity of drug-loaded neutrobots holds considerable promise for biomedical applications.