Two isostructural metal–organic frameworks with unique nickel clusters for C2H2/C2H6/C2H4 mixture separation

Abstract

Novel metal clusters and coordinatively unsaturated sites are important features of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for many applications such as catalysis, gas storage and separation. Herein, two isostructural MOFs, BUT-150 and BUT-151 with unprecedented binuclear nickel clusters have been developed, using tetracarboxylate linkers containing chelating bipyridine-type units. The nickel cluster is coordinated with four carboxylate groups, one bipyridine unit, and one bridging water, leading to two open nickel sites per cluster. Interestingly, the two MOFs show selective adsorption of C₂H₂ and C₂H₆ over C₂H₄, representing two rare examples of MOFs with open metal sites for such ternary separation. Especially, BUT-151 with a phenanthroline unit has a high C₂H₂/C₂H₄ selectivity of 2.31 and C₂H₆/C₂H₄ selectivity of 1.36 at 273 K, being higher or comparable to current benchmark materials. The overall good separation performance of BUT-151 may be attributed to its high acetylene affinity from open metal sites and efficient confinement of ethane molecules by the open window with rich oxygen sites. Column breakthrough experiments confirm the good separation performance of binary or ternary gas mixtures by BUT-151 under dynamic conditions.