Issue 54, 2022, Issue in Progress

Calcium/strontium chloride impregnated zeolite A and X granules as optimized ammonia sorbents

Abstract

Calcium chloride (CaCl2) impregnated zeolite A and strontium chloride (SrCl2) impregnated zeolite A and X composite granules were evaluated as ammonia sorbents for automotive selective catalytic reduction systems. The SrCl2-impregnated zeolite A granules showed a 14% increase in ammonia uptake capacity (8.39 mmol g−1) compared to zeolite A granules (7.38 mmol g−1). Furthermore, composite granules showed 243% faster kinetics of ammonia sorption (0.24 mmol g−1 min−1) compared to SrCl2 (0.07 mmol g−1 min−1) in the first 20 min. The composite CaCl2/SrCl2 impregnated zeolite A granules combined the advantages of the zeolites and CaCl2/SrCl2, where the rapid physisorption from zeolites can reduce the ammonia loading and release time, and chemisorption from the CaCl2/SrCl2 offers abundant ammonia capacity. Moreover, by optimizing the content of SrCl2 loading, the composite granules maintained the granular form with a crushing load of 17 N per granule after ammonia sorption–desorption cycles. Such structurally stable composite sorbents offer an opportunity for fast ammonia loading/release in automotive selective catalytic reduction systems.

Graphical abstract: Calcium/strontium chloride impregnated zeolite A and X granules as optimized ammonia sorbents

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
11 May 2022
Accepted
19 Nov 2022
First published
07 Dec 2022
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

RSC Adv., 2022,12, 35115-35122

Calcium/strontium chloride impregnated zeolite A and X granules as optimized ammonia sorbents

Z. Cao, X. Cai, A. C. Feltrin, P. Feng, A. Kaiser and F. Akhtar, RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 35115 DOI: 10.1039/D2RA02981B

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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