The influence of α-coordinating groups of aldehydes on E/Z-selectivity and the use of quaternary ammonium counter ions for enhanced E-selectivity in the Julia–Kocienski reaction

Abstract

Modified reaction conditions for improved E-selectivity of olefins in the Julia–Kocienski reaction of aldehydes having α-coordinating substituents are demonstrated. The chelating groups in aldehydes are expected to stabilize the syn-transition state with metal ions, whereas the weakly coordinating quaternary ammonium ions are devoid of all possible chelating interactions to enhance E-selectivity. A systematic investigation is presented to study the size of the neighbouring protecting groups of aldehydes and their chelation effect on E/Z-selectivity in the Julia–Kocienski reaction.