Issue 14, 2022

Lanthanide porphyrinoids as molecular theranostics

Abstract

In recent years, lanthanide (Ln) porphyrinoids have received increasing attention as theranostics. Broadly speaking, the term ‘theranostics’ refers to agents designed to allow both disease diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. This Review summarises the history and the ‘state-of-the-art’ development of Ln porphyrinoids as theranostic agents. The emphasis is on the progress made within the past decade. Applications of Ln porphyrinoids in near-infrared (NIR, 650–1700 nm) fluorescence imaging (FL), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiotherapy, and chemotherapy will be discussed. The use of Ln porphyrinoids as photo-activated agents (‘phototheranostics’) will also be highlighted in the context of three promising strategies for regulation of porphyrinic triplet energy dissipation pathways, namely: regioisomeric effects, metal regulation, and the use of expanded porphyrinoids. The goal of this Review is to showcase some of the ongoing efforts being made to optimise Ln porphyrinoids as theranostics and as phototheranostics, in order to provide a platform for understanding likely future developments in the area, including those associated with structure-based innovations, functional improvements, and emerging biological activation strategies.

Graphical abstract: Lanthanide porphyrinoids as molecular theranostics

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
07 Apr 2022
First published
06 Jul 2022

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2022,51, 6177-6209

Lanthanide porphyrinoids as molecular theranostics

G. Jin, C. V. Chau, J. F. Arambula, S. Gao, J. L. Sessler and J. Zhang, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2022, 51, 6177 DOI: 10.1039/D2CS00275B

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