Influence of the Pt size and CeO2 morphology at the Pt–CeO2 interface in CO oxidation

Abstract

Understanding the inherent catalytic nature of the interface between metal nanoparticles (NPs) and oxide supports enables the rational design of metal–support interactions for high catalytic performance. Electronic interactions at the metal–oxide interface create active interfacial sites that produce distinctive catalytic functions. However, because the overall catalytic properties of the interface are influenced by several complex structural factors, it is difficult to express the catalytic activity induced by the interfacial site through a simple descriptor. Based on a combinatorial study of density functional theory calculations and catalytic experiments, we focus on two structural design factors of metal NP-supported oxide catalysts: the size of Pt NPs and the morphology of the CeO₂ support. Pt NPs with sizes of 1, 2, and 3 nm were supported on the surface of CeO₂-cubic ({100} facet) and -octahedral ({111} facet) nanocrystals. During catalytic CO oxidation, the activity of the Pt/CeO₂-cube was higher than that of the Pt/CeO₂-octahedron, regardless of the size of the NPs. Although 1 nm Pt NPs donate a similar number of electrons per Pt atom to CeO₂-cubes and CeO₂-octahedra, the inherently low oxygen vacancy formation energy of the CeO₂(100) surface leads to the higher catalytic activity of the Pt–CeO₂-cube interface. However, the intrinsic catalytic activity of the interface between Pt NPs and two CeO₂ nanocrystals converges as the size of Pt NPs increases. Because large Pt NPs interact more strongly with CeO₂(100) than CeO₂(111), the positive effect of the low vacancy formation energy of CeO₂(100) is compensated by the strengthened Pt–O interaction. This study elucidates how the interfaces formed between the shape-controlled CeO₂ and the size-controlled Pt NPs affect the resultant catalytic activity.