Lead-free halide perovskites: a review of the structure–property relationship and applications in light emitting devices and radiation detectors

Abstract

Lead halide perovskites have demonstrated excellent performance for light emitting diodes and detectors. However, the toxicity of lead (Pb) in the devices severely impedes their widespread application and commercialization. The design of lead-free perovskites for environmentally friendly devices is an imperative mission, but full of challenges. In this perspective, we mainly discuss the design strategy of lead-free perovskites, as well as theoretical understanding and experimental demonstrations of their electronic and optical properties. The present status and future prospects of each lead-free perovskite are also summarized in the review, which could give a better understanding and right direction for the further exploration of satisfactory optoelectronic devices. We also provide the up-to-date progress of lead-free perovskites in the applications of light-emitting devices and radiation detectors.