15N-Azides as practical and effective tags for developing long-lived hyperpolarized agents

Abstract

Azide moieties, unique linear species containing three nitrogen atoms, represent an attractive class of molecular tag for hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (HP-MRI). Here we demonstrate (¹⁵N)₃-azide-containing molecules exhibit long-lasting hyperpolarization lifetimes up to 9.8 min at 1 T with remarkably high polarization levels up to 11.6% in water, thus establishing (¹⁵N)₃-azide as a powerful spin storage for hyperpolarization. A single (¹⁵N)-labeled azide has also been examined as an effective alternative tag with long-lived hyperpolarization. A variety of biologically important molecules are studied in this work, including choline, glucose, amino acid, and drug derivatives, demonstrating great potential of ¹⁵N-labeled azides as universal hyperpolarized tags for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging applications.