Issue 56, 2021, Issue in Progress

One-step upgrading of bio-based furfural to γ-valerolactone via HfCl4-mediated bifunctional catalysis

Abstract

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is an attractive biomass-derived platform molecule that plays an important role in the production of biofuels and biopolymers. The synthesis of GVL from renewable biomass and its derivatives has great application prospects but also presents challenges due to the multiple conversion steps involved. Here, a HfCl4-mediated acid–base bifunctional catalytic system was developed, which was demonstrated to be efficient for upgrading furfural (FF) to GVL in a single pot with unprecedented performance. The Lewis acidity of Hf4+ and moderate basicity of HfO(OH)2·xH2O, and strong Brønsted acidity of HCl in situ generated from HfCl4 hydrolysis were found to play a synergistic role in the cascade reaction processes, mainly contributing to the pronounced catalytic activity. The effects of the key reaction parameters, such as the catalyst dosage, reaction time, and temperature, on GVL production were optimized by response surface methodology. It is worth mentioning that the recovered catalyst after thermal treatment could be directly used for the hydrogen transfer processes, like FF-to-furfuryl alcohol conversion. This catalytic strategy opens a new avenue for the selective conversion of biomass feedstocks involving multiple steps and complex processes.

Graphical abstract: One-step upgrading of bio-based furfural to γ-valerolactone via HfCl4-mediated bifunctional catalysis

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
23 Jul 2021
Accepted
15 Oct 2021
First published
02 Nov 2021
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

RSC Adv., 2021,11, 35415-35424

One-step upgrading of bio-based furfural to γ-valerolactone via HfCl4-mediated bifunctional catalysis

M. Li, Y. Liu, X. Lin, J. Tan, S. Yang and H. Li, RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 35415 DOI: 10.1039/D1RA05637A

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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