Issue 4, 2021

Journey of ZnO quantum dots from undoped to rare-earth and transition metal-doped and their applications

Abstract

Currently, developments in the field of quantum dots (QDs) have attracted researchers worldwide. A large variety of QDs have been discovered in the few years, which have excellent optoelectronic, antibacterial, magnetic, and other properties. However, ZnO is the single known material that can exist in the quantum state and can hold all the above properties. There is a lot of work going on in this field and we will be shorthanded if we do not accommodate this treasure at one place. This manuscript will prove to be a milestone in this noble cause. Having a tremendous potential, there is a developing enthusiasm toward the application of ZnO QDs in diverse areas. Sol–gel method being the simplest is the widely-favored synthetic method. Synthesis via this method is largely affected by a number of factors such as the reaction temperature, duration of the reaction, type of solvent, pH of the solution, and the precipitating agent. Doping enhances the optical, magnetic, anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, and other properties of ZnO QDs. However, doping elements reside mostly on the surface of the QDs. The presence of doping elements inside the core is still a major challenge for doping techniques. In this review article, we have focused on pure, rare-earth, and transition metal-doped ZnO QD properties, and the various synthetic processes and applications. Quantum confinement effect is present in nearly every aspect of the QDs. The effect of quantum confinement has also been summarized in this manuscript. Furthermore, the doping of rare earth elements and transition metal, synthetic methods for different organic molecule-capped ZnO QDs, mechanisms for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, drug delivery system for cancer treatment, and many more application are discussed in this paper.

Graphical abstract: Journey of ZnO quantum dots from undoped to rare-earth and transition metal-doped and their applications

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
12 Oct 2020
Accepted
05 Dec 2020
First published
12 Jan 2021
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

RSC Adv., 2021,11, 2512-2545

Journey of ZnO quantum dots from undoped to rare-earth and transition metal-doped and their applications

P. Singh, R. K. Singh and R. Kumar, RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 2512 DOI: 10.1039/D0RA08670C

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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