Novel fluorescent probes based on nitrogen–sulfur co-doped carbon dots for chromium ion detection

Abstract

In this work, novel carbon dots codoped with nitrogen and sulfur (NSCDs) were used as fluorescent probes to detect Cr³⁺. These NSCDs exhibited strong fluorescence, which could be rapidly quenched by Cr³⁺. The fluorescence intensity of the NSCD solutions would decrease linearly with increasing Cr³⁺ concentration (0–40 μM). The detection limit was calculated to be 7.8 nM, indicating that the NSCD probes have excellent sensitivity. Then, it was determined that the NSCD probes were quenched only by Cr³⁺, even in the presence of other ions, thereby showing that the NSCD probes possess excellent anti-interference ability and selectivity. The mechanism of quenching of the fluorescence of NSCDs by Cr³⁺ ions may be related to the enhanced non-radiation emission attributed to the destroyed NSCD surface. Due to their nontoxicity and biocompatibility, these NSCDs could be applied in the detection of Cr³⁺ in living cells.