A 9-fluorenyl substitution strategy for aromatic-imide-based TADF emitters towards efficient and stable sky blue OLEDs with nearly 30% external quantum efficiency

Abstract

Highly efficient and stable blue organic lighting-emitting diodes (OLEDs) continue to be a challenge. The substitution strategy has been proven to be one of the most effective chemical approaches to improve the electroluminescence (EL) performance and the operational stability of blue OLEDs based on thermally activated delay fluorescent (TADF) emitters. Herein, the effects of tert-butyl and 9-phenyl-9-fluorenyl substituents on the physicochemical properties and EL performance are systematically studied for aromatic-imide-based TADF molecules. The robust 9-phenyl-9-fluorenyl units outperform the tert-butyl groups in improving the thermal and electrochemical stability. Consequently, sky blue OLEDs based on 4-DPFCzAIAd containing 9-phenyl-9-fluorenyl substituents exhibit excellent comprehensive EL performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 28.2% and a long LT50 (time to 50% of initial luminance) of 178 h at an initial luminance of 500 cd m⁻², which is much better than that of the device with a tert-butyl substituted emitter. These results demonstrate that the 9-phenyl-9-fluorenyl substituent is superior to the tert-butyl group in constructing TADF emitters for efficient and stable blue OLEDs.