Enhancement of the hydrophilic feruloyl glycerol synthesis using A-35 as a catalyst and its functional characteristics

Abstract

Feruloyl glycerol (FG) is the hydrophilic ester of ferulic acid (FA), which has a high solubility in water and a strong ability to resist ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In this work, several solid acids were used as novel economical catalysts and FA was used as a cheap substrate for FG preparation. The effects of reaction variables on the esterification of FA with glycerol were investigated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that a cheap solid acid cation exchange resin A-35 showed the best performance for esterification. The reaction conditions were optimized by RSM as follows: 15 : 1 (glycerol/FA) substrate molar ratio and 14% catalyst loading at 90 °C for 7 h. The maximum FG yield (98.50 ± 0.58%) was achieved under the optimized conditions. The activation energy of the esterification was 53.71 kJ mol⁻¹. The results of UV absorbance showed that FG had good anti-UV activity and photostability, which can be used as a potential antioxidant and UV absorber in food and sunscreen products.