A well-defined dual Mn-site based metal–organic framework to promote CO2 reduction/evolution in Li–CO2 batteries

Abstract

A series of Li–CO₂ battery cathode materials are reported based on metal–organic frameworks with dual-metal sites containing a metalloporphyrin and a metal-coordinated pyrazole. MnTPzP-Mn demonstrates a low voltage hysteresis of 1.05 V at 100 mA g⁻¹ and good stability of 90 cycles at 200 mA g⁻¹. Among them, the Mn-coordinated pyrazole site can promote the effective decomposition of Li₂CO₃, and the Mn-metalloporphyrin site contributes to the activation of CO₂. This is the first example of using a crystalline cathode material with a well-defined structure to reveal natural catalytic sites for CO₂ reduction/evolution reactions under aprotic conditions in Li–CO₂ batteries.