Lean-electrolyte lithium–sulfur electrochemical cells with high-loading carbon nanotube/nanofiber–polysulfide cathodes

Abstract

A carbon nanotube/nanofiber (CNT/CNF) composite is applied as a cathode substrate to develop a high-loading polysulfide cathode (8.64 mg cm⁻², 68 wt% sulfur). The high-loading CNT/CNF–polysulfide cathode demonstrates high energy densities (11.4–15.7 mW h cm⁻²) and long-term cyclability (200 cycles) with low electrolyte-to-sulfur (E/S) ratios of 4–7 μL mg⁻¹.