Issue 3, 2021

Recent advances in ion selectivity with capacitive deionization

Abstract

Within the last decade, in addition to water desalination, capacitive deionization (CDI) has been used for resource recovery and selective separation of target ions in multicomponent solutions. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of selective ion removal utilizing different electrode materials, carbon and non-carbon together with or without membranes, from a mixture of salt solutions, by a detailed review of the literature from the beginning until the state-of-the-art. In this venture, we review the advances made in the preparation, theoretical understanding, and the role of electrodes and membranes. We also describe how ion selectivity has been defined and used in literature. Finally, we present a theory of selective ion removal for intercalation materials that, for the first time, considers mixtures of different cations, evidencing the time-dependent selectivity of these electrodes.

Graphical abstract: Recent advances in ion selectivity with capacitive deionization

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
01 Oct 2020
Accepted
23 Nov 2020
First published
06 Jan 2021
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

Energy Environ. Sci., 2021,14, 1095-1120

Recent advances in ion selectivity with capacitive deionization

J. G. Gamaethiralalage, K. Singh, S. Sahin, J. Yoon, M. Elimelech, M. E. Suss, P. Liang, P. M. Biesheuvel, R. L. Zornitta and L. C. P. M. de Smet, Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 1095 DOI: 10.1039/D0EE03145C

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