Issue 46, 2020

Nanocarriers for ocular drug delivery: current status and translational opportunity

Abstract

Ocular diseases have a significant effect on vision and quality of life. Drug delivery to ocular tissues is a challenge to formulation scientists. The major barriers to delivering drugs to the anterior and posterior segments include physiological barriers (nasolacrimal drainage, blinking), anatomical barriers (static and dynamic), efflux pumps and metabolic barriers. The static barriers comprise the different layers of the cornea, sclera, and blood–aqueous barriers whereas dynamic barriers involve conjunctival blood flow, lymphatic clearance and tear drainage. The tight junctions of the blood–retinal barrier (BRB) restrict systemically administered drugs from entering the retina. Nanocarriers have been found to be effective at overcoming the issues associated with conventional ophthalmic dosage forms. Various nanocarriers, including nanodispersion systems, nanomicelles, lipidic nanocarriers, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, and dendrimers, have been investigated for improved permeation and effective targeted drug delivery to various ophthalmic sites. In this review, various nanomedicines and their application for ophthalmic delivery of therapeutics are discussed. Additionally, scale-up and clinical status are also addressed to understand the current scenario for ophthalmic drug delivery.

Graphical abstract: Nanocarriers for ocular drug delivery: current status and translational opportunity

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
05 Jun 2020
Accepted
07 Jul 2020
First published
24 Jul 2020
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2020,10, 27835-27855

Nanocarriers for ocular drug delivery: current status and translational opportunity

S. Gorantla, V. K. Rapalli, T. Waghule, P. P. Singh, S. K. Dubey, R. N. Saha and G. Singhvi, RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 27835 DOI: 10.1039/D0RA04971A

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