Template-free synthesis and lithium-ion storage performance of multiple ZnO nanoparticles encapsulated in hollow amorphous carbon shells

Abstract

Due to the limited utilization of electrode materials, the rational design and facile synthesis of composite structures are still challenging issues for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a simple approach has been developed to prepare multiple core–shell structures of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in hollow amorphous carbon (AC) shells. The as-synthesized ZnO@AC composites showed a uniform dispersion of ZnO NPs, compliant buffer AC shells, and nanoscale void spaces between the ZnO NP cores and AC shells. As a result of their structural merits, the ZnO@AC composites were evaluated as anode materials for LIBs and delivered enhanced coulombic efficiency, high reversible capacity, high rate capability, and improved cycling stability.