A streptavidin-functionalized tin disulfide nanoflake-based ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of tumor markers

Abstract

In this research, we reported effective streptavidin-functionalized tin disulfide nanoflakes (SnS₂ NFs) to develop an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for the bioanalysis of tumor markers. The streptavidin-functionalized SnS₂ platform and immunosensor were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, static water contact angle measurements and cyclic voltammetry. Biofunctionalized SnS₂ NFs displayed a large specific surface area and outstanding hydrophilicity. These characteristics enhanced the loading efficiency and capacity of antibodies on the biosensing platform and ensured the biological activity of the immobilized protein biomolecules. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was chosen as the model analyte, and a wide linear range of 0.006–3.0 ng mL⁻¹ with a low detection limit of 5 pg mL⁻¹ for CEA was exhibited by the immunosensor. Human serum sample analysis was achieved through the CEA immunosensor with satisfactory results. Streptavidin-functionalized SnS₂ NFs offer a potential platform for the expansion of electrochemical immunosensor applications.