van der Waals force layered multiferroic hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3)2CuCl4 single crystals

Abstract

In inorganic–organic perovskites, the three-dimensional arrangement of the organic group results in more subtle balance of charge, spin and space, thereby providing an attractive route toward new multiferroics. Here we report the existing of multiple ferroic orderings in inorganic–organic layered perovskites with relative strong hydrogen bond ordering of the organic chains intra plane. In addition, the inter plane in perovskite is stacking via van der Waals force. However, such magnetoelectric coupling properties for this compound have not been reported since it is difficult to characterize the properties in single crystals since most of the hybrid perovskites are usually deliquescent and unstable when exposed to air. To deal with these problems, we synthesized a (CH₃NH₃)₂CuCl₄ single crystal by using a simple evaporation technique, and demonstrated ferroelectric, magnetic and magneto-electric properties of (CH₃NH₃)₂CuCl₄. The internal hydrogen bonding of easily tunable organic unit combined with 3d transition-metal layers in such hybrid perovskites make (CH₃NH₃)₂CuCl₄ a multiferroic crystal with magnetoelectrical coupling and offer an new way to engineer multifunctional multiferroic.