In situ formation of surface and bulk oxides in small palladium nanoparticles†
Aram L.
Bugaev, 
*ab
Maxim
Zabilskiy,
c
Alina A.
Skorynina,
a
Oleg A.
Usoltsev,
a
Alexander V.
Soldatov
a
and
Jeroen A.
van Bokhoven
cd
*ab
Maxim
Zabilskiy,
c
Alina A.
Skorynina,
a
Oleg A.
Usoltsev,
a
Alexander V.
Soldatov
a
and
Jeroen A.
van Bokhoven
cd
Abstract
Evolution of surface and bulk palladium oxides in supported palladium nanoparticles was followed in situ using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The surface oxide was found to be easily reducible in hydrogen at room temperature, while removal of bulk oxide required heating in hydrogen above 100 °C. We also found that the co-presence of hydrogen and oxygen favours a stronger oxidation of palladium particles compared to pure oxygen.
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