Industrial applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a review

Abstract

In this review we present a short, although comprehensive, review on the industrial applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Attention has been devoted to the applications where LIBS can potentially make a difference with respect to other traditional techniques, namely steel and coal industries, and new emerging applications, where the intrinsic features of LIBS are particularly interesting, such as sorting of waste for selective recycling.