An efficient synthesis of benzothiazole using tetrabromomethane as a halogen bond donor catalyst

Abstract

An efficient and mild protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazole under solvent- and metal-free conditions using CBr₄ as the catalyst. This process involves the activation of a thioamide through halogen bond formation between the sulphur atom of the thioamide and bromine atom of the CBr₄ molecule. The presence of halogen-bonding interaction between N-methylthioamides and tetrabromomethane has been demonstrated with several control experiments, spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory (DFT). This methodology has a wide substrate scope for the synthesis of both 2-alkyl and 2-aryl substituted benzothiazoles.