Issue 2, 2019

A high-energy sodium-ion capacitor enabled by a nitrogen/sulfur co-doped hollow carbon nanofiber anode and an activated carbon cathode

Abstract

Nonaqueous Na-ion capacitors (NICs) have been recently regarded as potential sustainable power devices due to their high specific energy/power and the abundant distribution of sodium resources on the Earth. However, the power performance of current NICs is usually restricted by the kinetics imbalance between sodium deintercalation/intercalation in the anode and surface ion adsorption/desorption in the cathode. Herein, we demonstrate superior sodium-ion storage properties of nitrogen/sulfur co-doped hierarchical hollow carbon nanofibers (N/S-HCNFs) for their application as an ideal anode material for NICs. The N/S-HCNFs are fabricated through in situ gas sulfuration of a hollow polyaniline nanofiber precursor, which is obtained with the aid of citric acid templates. Benefiting from the positive synergistic effects of both N and S co-doping in carbon and the hierarchical hollow one-dimensional structure, the sodium-storage performance of N/S-HCNFs half-cell versus Na/Na+ exhibits a high capacity (∼447 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1), excellent rate capability (∼185 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1), and outstanding cycling stability (no capacity decay after 3000 cycles at 5 A g−1), which is among the best sodium-ion storage performances of carbonaceous Na-storage anodes. Furthermore, a dual-carbon NIC device is constructed with N/S-HCNFs as an anode and activated carbon (AC) as a cathode, and it has a large energy density of 116.4 W h kg−1, a high power density of 20 kW kg−1 (at 48.2 W h kg−1) and a long cycle life of 3000 cycles, which is superior to most reported AC-based NICs.

Graphical abstract: A high-energy sodium-ion capacitor enabled by a nitrogen/sulfur co-doped hollow carbon nanofiber anode and an activated carbon cathode

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
17 Sep 2018
Accepted
04 Nov 2018
First published
05 Nov 2018
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Nanoscale Adv., 2019,1, 746-756

A high-energy sodium-ion capacitor enabled by a nitrogen/sulfur co-doped hollow carbon nanofiber anode and an activated carbon cathode

K. Liao, H. Wang, L. Wang, D. Xu, M. Wu, R. Wang, B. He, Y. Gong and X. Hu, Nanoscale Adv., 2019, 1, 746 DOI: 10.1039/C8NA00219C

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