Ti3C2/BiVO4 Schottky junction as a signal indicator for ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical detection of VEGF165

Abstract

A “signal-on” photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was developed for ultrasensitive detection of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF₁₆₅) based on a Ti₃C₂/BiVO₄ Schottky junction, which was a novel sensitized structure with excellent photovoltaic performance, prominent film-forming ability and stability. The generation of a built-in electric field by the Ti₃C₂/BiVO₄ Schottky junction efficiently suppressed the combination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and enhanced the photocurrent, providing a high initial photocurrent signal for the construction of a photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor.